What is a balance sheet called if a firm's assets and sources of debt and equity are expressed as a percentage of total assets?

A balance sheet is referred to as a common-sized balance sheet when both assets and sources of debt and equity are expressed as a percentage of total assets. This approach allows for easier comparison across different firms or time periods by normalizing the data regardless of the absolute size of the company.

By representing each line item as a percentage of total assets, stakeholders can better evaluate the relative size and structure of a company's financial position. For example, if two companies have different total asset sizes, the common-sized format enables analysts to assess how much of their assets are financed through liabilities versus equity without being influenced by the absolute figures.

This method enhances financial analysis and interpretation, allowing for significant insights into a firm's operational efficiency and financial leverage compared to others in the same industry or to its own historical performance.